![]() Promotion to commander in the Navy is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980 or its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA). Notably, it is the first rank at which the holder wears an embellished cap whereas officers of the other military services are entitled to embellishment of similar headgear at O-4 rank. Commander is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the other uniformed services. Commander ranks above lieutenant commander (O-4) and below captain (O-6). In the Navy, the Coast Guard, the NOAA Corps, and the Public Health Service Corps, commander (abbreviated "CDR") is a senior-grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-5. Captain 2nd Grade, or Master Commandant, became Commander in 1838. The Continental Navy had the tri-graded captain ranks. With the Master and Commander also serving as captain of smaller ships the Royal Navy subsumed as the third and lowest of three grades of captain given the various sizes of ships. Sub-captain, under-captain, rector and master-commanding were also used for the same position. The commander rank started out as "Master and Commander" in 1674 within the Royal Navy for the officer responsible for sailing a ship under the Captain and sometimes second-in-command. It is also used as a rank or title in non-military organizations, particularly in law enforcement. In the United States, commander is a military rank that is also sometimes used as a military billet title-the designation of someone who manages living quarters or a base-depending on the branch of service. ![]() ![]() ![]() Navy commander Ann Claire Phillips, first commanding officer of USS Mustin, in 2003 Rank used in the military and police of the United States U.S. ![]()
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